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Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Xiandai Hanyu Tongyong Zibiao (List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese) for use in mainland China. Along with traditional Chinese characters, it is one of the two standard character sets of the contemporary Chinese written language. The government of the People's Republic of China in mainland China has promoted them for use in printing since the 1950s and 1960s in an attempt to increase literacy.〔() Semi-centennial celebration of the publication of Chinese Character Simplification Plan and official press conference.〕 They are officially used in the People's Republic of China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese characters are currently used in Hong Kong, Macau, and the Republic of China (Taiwan). While traditional characters can still be read and understood by many mainland Chinese and Singaporeans, these groups generally retain their use of Simplified characters. Overseas Chinese communities generally tend to use traditional characters. Simplified Chinese characters are officially called in Chinese ''jiǎnhuàzì'' ( in simplified form, in traditional form).〔Refer to official publications: :zh:汉字简化方案, :zh:简化字总表, etc.〕 Colloquially, they are called ''jiǎntizì'' ( / ). Strictly, the latter refers to simplifications of character "structure" or "body", character forms that have existed for thousands of years alongside regular, more complicated forms. On the other hand, ''jiǎnhuàzì'' means the modern systematically simplified character set, that (as stated by Mao Zedong in 1952) includes not only structural simplification but also substantial reduction in the total number of standardized Chinese characters.〔(書同文 :《漢字簡化方案》制訂始末，黄加佳，新华网 ) 。Detailed account of the Chinese simplification effort.〕 Simplified character forms were created by decreasing the number of strokes and simplifying the forms of a sizable proportion of traditional Chinese characters. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms embodying graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. Some characters were simplified by applying regular rules, for example, by replacing all occurrences of a certain component with a simplified version of the component. Variant characters with the same pronunciation and identical meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest amongst all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification, and are thus identical between the traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. Some simplified characters are very dissimilar to and unpredictably different from traditional characters, especially in those where a component is replaced by an arbitrary simple symbol.〔Examples of characters where a component is replaced by an arbitrarily chosen and simplistic symbol include: 对（對）、邓（鄧）、观（觀）、欢（歡）.〕 This often leads opponents not well-versed in the method of simplification to conclude that the 'overall process' of character simplification is also arbitrary.〔See for instance the version of this same article as of (May 9th, 2011 ) and the Chinese version as of (April 28th, 2011 ), Method of Simplification section.〕〔In his book, 彭小明 fails to understand that 又 is not used as a simplified component (簡化偏旁), thus derides the 'supposedly inconsistent application' of 又 in 欢, 汉, 仅, etc. The author also misrepresents the rationale behind the simplification of 團, as well as cursive-based simplifications. See :zh:簡化字#簡化方法 and explanations in original, official papers such as (简化字总表 ). 彭小明，《(漢字簡化得不償失 )》，香港：夏菲爾國際出版公司，2008年01月，ISBN 9789629380687。〕 In reality, the methods and rules of simplification are few and internally consistent.〔See :zh:簡化字#簡化方法〕 On the other hand, proponents of simplification often flaunt a few choice simplified characters as ingenious inventions, when in fact these have existed for hundreds of years as ancient variants.〔In '17个角度看到繁简体汉字 (经济观察网)' ((part1 ) and (part2 )), for instance, the scholar 裴钰 praises the simplified character 体 as an ingenious new invention, when in fact it has existed for hundreds of years (see (康熙字典「体」 )).〕 A second round of simplifications was promulgated in 1977, but was later retracted for a variety of reasons. However, the Chinese government never officially dropped its goal of further simplification in the future. In August 2009, the PRC began collecting public comments for a modified list of simplified characters.〔(). Page about the list at the State Language Commission's website, including a link to a pdf of the list. Accessed 2009.08.18.〕〔(). Syndicated from (''People's Daily''), 2009-04-09. Accessed 2009.04.10.〕〔(专家称恢复繁体字代价太大 新规范汉字表将公布 ) Syndicated from , 2009-04-09. Accessed 2009.04.10.〕〔(China to regulate use of simplified characters_English_Xinhua ). News.xinhuanet.com (2009-08-12). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.〕 The new ''Table of General Standard Chinese Characters'' consisting of 8105 (simplified and unchanged) characters was promulgated by the State Council of the People's Republic of China on June 5, 2013.〔(国务院关于公布《通用规范汉字表》的通知 )〕 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Simplified Chinese characters」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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